ghest CI after 24 h, followed by poly-L-lysine and poly-L-ornithine. PLL and PLO increased the CI at very similar rates up to 3.126104 cells/cm2, while PLO decreased the slope at all cell densities. The purchase ATL-962 laminin coating did not affect the CI when compared to control, while collagen type IV caused the CI to rise slower. Interestingly, this order was not affected by increasing the number of seeded cells. These findings suggested that FN, PLL and PLO markedly improved the attachment of LNCaP cells, with the ECM protein being superior to the poly-amino acids. The proliferation phase was monitored from 24 h after seeding the cells to 96 h. The major contributors of this phase to changes of the CI are cell proliferation, adherence and morphology. At all cell densities tested, LNCaP cells grown on LAM displayed a rate of CI increase that was indistinguishable from that of control. PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19691102/ In contrast, LNCaP cells grown on COL substrate showed a lag phase where the CI did not increase up to 48 h after seeding, and an overall reduced rate of CI rise. These effects were independent of the number of seeded cells. At all cell densities the PLL substrate caused a detectable slowdown in the CI increase. The same effect was visible on PLO substrate at the highest seeding density, while the CI increased faster on PLO-coated substrate at lower seeding densities. Apart from the lowest cell density, the CI rate increase of cells grown on FN substrate were consistently higher than control; an effect which appeared to be unaffected by increases in the number of seeded cells. Taken together, high cell densities negatively affected the CI when LNCaP cells were grown on substrates coated with poly-amino acids but were unaffected with ECM proteins. This observation is of particular importance for cell culture experiments where a high cell confluence is desirable. Furthermore, a seeding density of 9.46103 cells/cm2 was overall detrimental to cell culture of LNCaP cells, resulting in lack of cell proliferation, which was probably due to a scarcity of cell-cell contacts. All coating conditions reduced cell proliferation but did not strongly affect LNCaP cell viability The cell index is a combined PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19690518 measure of the proliferation rate, adherence and morphology of the cells. Hence, the effects of the coating reagents on each of these parameters were investigated separately. The cell density of the coated wells increased slower than the uncoated wells. Cells grown on FN, PLL, PLO and LAM displayed similar growth rates. Collagen type IV was the coating substance that negatively impacted cell proliferation the most. Examination of viability/metabolic activity of LNCaP cells grown for 96 h on the different coating substrates by AlamarBlue assay revealed that all coating reagents reduced cell viability, with COL slightly worse than the other coatings. This effect was similar to the results obtained for well confluence on different coatings. Taken together, these results showed that the coating reagents affected cell proliferation and metabolism activity of LNCaP cells. Results FN, PLO and PLL improve cell-substrate adherence The real time cell analyzer xCELLigence is a label-free methodology that measures proliferation rate, adherence and morphology based on impedance changes. Changes in impedance are translated as the unitless term cell index. We 
performed RTCA analysis of LNCaP cells seeded in wells pre-treated with the different coatings at cell densities between 9.461036.256104 c
