N Nanoscopy (DTU CEN). Author details 1 Department of Public Health, University
N Nanoscopy (DTU CEN). Author details 1 Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark. 2Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen ? Denmark. 3National Research Centre for the Working Environment, 2100 Copenhagen ? Denmark. Authors’ contributions PM, SL, ATS, HW, and UV conceived the study. LM, PM, SL, HW, and UV designed the experiments. LM made the experiments on vasomotor function, assisted and supervised by MS. KAJ made the characterization experiments. NRJ made the experiments on PubMed ID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27532042 the assessment of particle distribution in mice lungs. LM made the draft of the manuscript, which was revised critically by all authors, who have read and approved the manuscript. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Received: 9 May 2011 Accepted: 10 November 2011 Published: 10 November 2011 References 1. Zhang DD, Hartsky MA, Warheit DB: Time course of quartz and TiO(2) PM01183 custom synthesis particle-induced pulmonary inflammation and neutrophil apoptotic responses in rats. Exp Lung Res 2002, 28:641-670. 2. Renwick LC, Brown D, Clouter A, Donaldson K: Increased inflammation and altered macrophage chemotactic responses caused by two ultrafine particle types. Occup Environ Med 2004, 61:442-447. 3. Brook RD, Rajagopalan S, Pope CA III, Brook JR, Bhatnagar A, Diez-Roux AV, Holguin F, Hong Y, Luepker RV, Mittleman MA, Peters A, Siscovick D, Smith SC Jr, Whitsel L, Kaufman JD: Particulate matter air pollution and cardiovascular disease: An update to the scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2010, 121:2331-2378. 4. Mills NL, Tornqvist H, Robinson SD, Gonzalez M, Darnley K, MacNee W, Boon NA, Donaldson K, Blomberg A, Sandstrom T, Newby DE: Diesel exhaust inhalation causes vascular dysfunction and impaired endogenous fibrinolysis. Circulation 2005, 112:3930-3936. 5. Seaton A, Tran L, Aitken R, Donaldson K: Nanoparticles, human health hazard and regulation. J R Soc Interface 2010, 7(Suppl 1):S119-S129. 6. Niwa Y, Hiura Y, Murayama T, Yokode M, Iwai N: Nano-sized carbon black exposure exacerbates atherosclerosis in LDL-receptor knockout mice. Circ J 2007, 71:1157-1161. 7. Suwa T, Hogg JC, Quinlan KB, Ohgami A, Vincent R, van Eeden SF: Particulate air pollution induces progression of atherosclerosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002, 39:935-942. 8. M ler P, Mikkelsen L, Vesterdal LK, Folkmann JK, Forchhammer L, Roursgaard M, Danielsen PH, Loft S: Hazard identification of particulate matter on vasomotor dysfunction and progression of atherosclerosis. Crit Rev Toxicol 2011, 41:339-368. 9. Vanhoutte PM: Endothelial dysfunction: the first step toward coronary arteriosclerosis. Circ J 2009, 73:595-601. 10. Deanfield JE, Halcox JP, Rabelink TJ: Endothelial function and dysfunction: testing and clinical relevance. Circulation 2007, 115:1285-1295. 11. Bonetti PO, Lerman LO, Lerman A: Endothelial dysfunction: a marker of atherosclerotic risk. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2003, 23:168-175. 12. Simonsen U, Rodriguez-Rodriguez R, Dalsgaard T, Buus NH, Stankevicius E: Novel approaches to improving endothelium-dependent nitric oxidemediated vasodilatation. Pharmacol Rep 2009, 61:105-115. 13. Libby P: Inflammation in atherosclerosis. Nature 2002, 420:868-874.The results are expressed as the means ?standard error of the mean (S.E.M.). Graphs are composed using Graph-Pad Prism by Intuitive Software for Science (San Diego, CA, USA, http://www.graphpad.com). Non.
