Form 12 December 2014 Accepted 13 December 2014 Keywords: Retapamulin Impetigo Pediatric MRSA MSSAIntroduction Impetigo, folliculitis, and other minor soft tissue infections are common in both children and adults. Impetigo is a superficial skin infection caused by bacteria and has been shown to be the most common infection in children worldwide (Rortveit and Rortveit, 2007). Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus RRx-001 biological activity pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus) are the bacteria most commonly associated with this soft tissue infection (Yang and Keam, 2008). S. aureus has recently been shown to be responsible for most cases (70 ), which is a change from years past when S. pyogenes was the primary pathogen leading to impetigo (DarmstadtFunding: Funding for this study was provided by GlaxoSmithKline plc, Research Triangle Park, NC. All research funds were paid to The University of Texas Medical School Houston, Houston, Texas. GSK was involved in the design and conduct of the study. GSK was also involved in the review and approval of the manuscript, as well as the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. GSK played no role in the collection, management, analysis and interpretation of data. RWJ 64809 price Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (A.A. Hebert). 1 All authors contributed equally.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijwd.2014.12.002 2352-6475/?2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Women’s Dermatologic Society. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).B.R. Bohaty et al. / International Journal of Women’s Dermatology 1 (2015) 13?and Lane, 1994). Colonization coupled with minor cutaneous trauma and/or concomitant skin disease such as atopic dermatitis can predispose to infection (Bangert et al., 2012). Sites of colonization can vary throughout the body, and they include the axillae, nares, pharynx, and the perineal area among others (Durupt et al., 2007; Popovich and Hota, 2008). S. pyogenes tends to only infect areas of the skin where the barrier has been disrupted (Habif, 2004; Steer et al., 2007). The presentation of impetigo can vary, with both bullous and nonbullous forms making up the spectrum of the disease. Nonbullous impetigo is the primary presenting morphology, making up 70 of cases, and presents with erythematous papules and superficial vesicles that often transition into golden-yellow-crusted (honey-crusted) plaques as they rupture and heal (George and Rubin, 2003). Acral and face involvement is common in the nonbullous form, whereas bullous impetigo often presents in the intertriginous areas of the body (e.g., axillae, neck) with vesicles and flaccid fluid-filled bullae that progress to erosions and crusting (Cole and Gazewood, 2007; Koning et al., 2012). Impetigo is contagious, and the spread of the pathogenic bacteria from person to person is via autoinoculation and fomites (Cole and Gazewood, 2007). Close contacts are at risk for acquiring infection, while other risk factors for transmission include poor hygiene, a humid environment, trauma, and atopy (Bangert et al., 2012). Most disease is self-limited even in the absence of antibacterial treatment, although rare complications such as blood, bone, joint, and lung infections do occur (Paller and Mancini, 2006). Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis also has been shown to develop after cases of impetigo caused by S. pyogenes (Paller and Mancini, 2006). In the setting of loca.Form 12 December 2014 Accepted 13 December 2014 Keywords: Retapamulin Impetigo Pediatric MRSA MSSAIntroduction Impetigo, folliculitis, and other minor soft tissue infections are common in both children and adults. Impetigo is a superficial skin infection caused by bacteria and has been shown to be the most common infection in children worldwide (Rortveit and Rortveit, 2007). Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus) are the bacteria most commonly associated with this soft tissue infection (Yang and Keam, 2008). S. aureus has recently been shown to be responsible for most cases (70 ), which is a change from years past when S. pyogenes was the primary pathogen leading to impetigo (DarmstadtFunding: Funding for this study was provided by GlaxoSmithKline plc, Research Triangle Park, NC. All research funds were paid to The University of Texas Medical School Houston, Houston, Texas. GSK was involved in the design and conduct of the study. GSK was also involved in the review and approval of the manuscript, as well as the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. GSK played no role in the collection, management, analysis and interpretation of data. Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (A.A. Hebert). 1 All authors contributed equally.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijwd.2014.12.002 2352-6475/?2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Women’s Dermatologic Society. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).B.R. Bohaty et al. / International Journal of Women’s Dermatology 1 (2015) 13?and Lane, 1994). Colonization coupled with minor cutaneous trauma and/or concomitant skin disease such as atopic dermatitis can predispose to infection (Bangert et al., 2012). Sites of colonization can vary throughout the body, and they include the axillae, nares, pharynx, and the perineal area among others (Durupt et al., 2007; Popovich and Hota, 2008). S. pyogenes tends to only infect areas of the skin where the barrier has been disrupted (Habif, 2004; Steer et al., 2007). The presentation of impetigo can vary, with both bullous and nonbullous forms making up the spectrum of the disease. Nonbullous impetigo is the primary presenting morphology, making up 70 of cases, and presents with erythematous papules and superficial vesicles that often transition into golden-yellow-crusted (honey-crusted) plaques as they rupture and heal (George and Rubin, 2003). Acral and face involvement is common in the nonbullous form, whereas bullous impetigo often presents in the intertriginous areas of the body (e.g., axillae, neck) with vesicles and flaccid fluid-filled bullae that progress to erosions and crusting (Cole and Gazewood, 2007; Koning et al., 2012). Impetigo is contagious, and the spread of the pathogenic bacteria from person to person is via autoinoculation and fomites (Cole and Gazewood, 2007). Close contacts are at risk for acquiring infection, while other risk factors for transmission include poor hygiene, a humid environment, trauma, and atopy (Bangert et al., 2012). Most disease is self-limited even in the absence of antibacterial treatment, although rare complications such as blood, bone, joint, and lung infections do occur (Paller and Mancini, 2006). Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis also has been shown to develop after cases of impetigo caused by S. pyogenes (Paller and Mancini, 2006). In the setting of loca.
