Cci, A.R.; Badiani, M.; Manti, F.; Bonsignore, C.P.; Sorgon
Cci, A.R.; Badiani, M.; Manti, F.; Bonsignore, C.P.; Sorgon A.; Ciaffi, M. Diterpene Resin Acids and Olefins in Calabrian Pine (Pinus nigra subsp. laricio (Poiret) Maire) Oleoresin: GC-MS p38β custom synthesis Profiling of Big Diterpenoids in Different Plant Organs, Molecular Identification and Expression Analysis of Diterpene Synthase Genes. Plants 2021, 10, 2391. doi/10.3390/ plants10112391 Academic Editors: Mitja Kolar, Iztok Joze Kosir and Sofia Caretto Received: 27 September 2021 Accepted: four November 2021 Published: 5 NovemberDipartimento di Agraria, UniversitMediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Loc. Feo di Vito, 89129 Reggio Calabria, Italy; [email protected] (E.A.); [email protected] (M.B.); [email protected] (A.S.) Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali, Universitdella Tuscia, Via S. Camillo De Lellis, s.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, Italy; [email protected] (S.C.); [email protected] (A.R.P.) Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Universitdi Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy; [email protected] Dipartimento di Patrimonio, Architettura e Urbanistica, UniversitMediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Salita Melissari, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy; [email protected] (F.M.); [email protected] (C.P.B.) Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-0761-357-424; Fax: +39-0761-357-Abstract: A quali-quantitative evaluation of diterpenoid composition in tissues obtained from distinctive organs of Pinus nigra subsp. laricio (Poiret) Maire (Calabrian pine) was carried out. Diterpene resin acids had been the most abundant diterpenoids across all the examined tissues. Precisely the same nine diterpene resin acids had been usually discovered, together with the abietane kind prevailing on the pimarane sort, even though their quantitative distribution was located to be remarkably tissue-specific. The scrutiny of the available literature revealed species specificity as well. A phylogeny-based method permitted us to isolate 4 cDNAs coding for diterpene Cyclin G-associated Kinase (GAK) web synthases in Calabrian pine, every of which belonging to among the list of 4 groups into which the d3 clade of the plants’ terpene synthases family can be divided. The deduced amino acid sequences permitted predicting that both monofunctional and bifunctional diterpene synthases are involved inside the biosynthesis of diterpene resin acids in Calabrian pine. Transcript profiling revealed differential expression across the diverse tissues and was discovered to become consistent using the corresponding diterpenoid profiles. The isolation of your complete genomic sequences and also the determination of their exon/intron structures allowed us to spot the diterpene synthase genes from Calabrian pine on the background of existing tips on the functional evolution of diterpene synthases in Gymnosperms. Key phrases: diterpenoids; diterpene synthase; Pinus nigra subsp. laricio (Poiret) Maire; Calabrian pine; pine oleoresin; genomic organization of gymnosperm diterpene synthases; diterpene resin acidPublisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.Copyright: 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This short article is an open access write-up distributed under the terms and circumstances of your Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( creativecommons/licenses/by/ four.0/).Key to Plant Species: Abies balsamea (L.) Mill., 1768; balsam fir; Abies grandis (Douglas ex D. Don) Lindl., grand fir; Physcomitrella patens (Hedw.) Bruch.
