f monosaccharides play essentially the most significant function [120]. Reduction of body weight and elevated physical activity enhance tissue insulin sensitivity, which directly affects plasma TG concentration. Intake of calories contained in alcohol could make it tough to achieve typical physique weight. Alcohol consumed in excess (greater than 100 g/day) considerably increases TG Akt2 supplier concentration [118, 119, 121]. Conversion from SFA to unsaturated fatty acids (particularly PUFA) significantly improves insulin sensitivity. Regrettably, their intake is hardly ever enough with diet program based on natural merchandise; in such cases, supplementation of n-3 PUFA ought to be regarded, which within the last couple of years has began to play a essential function in therapy of hypertriglyceridaemia [122, 123].eight. nOn-PHARMACOLOGICAL PReVenTIOn AnD Therapy OF LIPID DISORDeRSOne with the main targets in cardiovascular threat reduction is effective therapy of dyslipidaemia. LDL-C concentration would be the most important parameter in diagnosing, prediction, monitoring, and therapy of lipid disorders [35]. In accordance with current suggestions, as soon as the patient’s cardiovascular danger has been estimated along with the full lipid profile has been determined, the management tactic recommended for the suitable patient group must be chosen. Life style modification is suggested for all patients, and lipid-lowering agents are advisable only in chosen clinical circumstances. In individuals currently treated, it is normally a combination therapy, and its indispensable component is non-pharmacological treatmentArch Med Sci 6, October /PoLA/CFPiP/PCS/PSLD/PSD/PSH recommendations on diagnosis and therapy of lipid problems in PolandTG concentration is also closely related with impaired carbohydrate metabolism. Excessive intake of monosaccharides, such as fructose ( ten of food energy), substantially translates into elevated TG concentration [120]. Fructose intake equivalent to 150 of food energy increases plasma TG concentration by as much as 300 [124]. The very best leads to terms of reduction of plasma TG concentration are accomplished with food goods using a low glycaemic index (e.g., raw fruit, vegetables, thick groats, oat bran, cottage cheese, fish). Glycaemic index makes it feasible to determine foods using a fast glucose absorption profile and differentiate them from items from which carbohydrates are slowly absorbed to plasma. Fibre contained in plant products decreases the glycaemic index of meals solutions by means of glucose absorption followed by its gradual release for the duration of intestinal transit [125].8.three. Effect on HDL-CHigh density lipoproteins with regular functionality have anti-atherosclerotic properties. Anti-atherosclerotic activity of HDL is mostly associated to their participation in reverse cholesterol transport, but additionally with their anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, anticoagulation, cytoprotective, vasodilatory, or even antitumour activity [126, 127]. HDL-C concentration supplies no data on HDL functionality. Unfortunately, pharmacological attempts to enhance concentration ofthese lipoproteins haven’t produced satisfactory effects with HDAC manufacturer regards to cardiovascular risk reduction; for that reason, only approaches of behavioural medicine stay at present at our disposal. Life style modification leading to weight reduction contributes to a rise in HDL-C plasma concentration by 0.01 mmol/l (0.4 mg/dl) for every single kg lost. Systematic exercise of moderate intensity ca. 300 min per week may well raise
