Systematic OR spatial OR quantitative OR metapopulation) AND `conservation planning’) OR `reserve web-site selection’ OR `connectivity conservation’ OR (conservation AND (`spatial optimization’ OR `spatial optimisation’)) OR `conservation prioritisation’ OR `conservation location prioritisation’ OR `conservation region selection’ OR `protected area network’ OR `conservation resource allocation’ OR `conservation choice analysis’]. Search results have been downloaded in the Internet of Science, and PDFs of publicationsIII. Benefits(1) Occurrence of terms within the literature Figures 1 and two summarise publication volume across years, publication venues, and nations of origin of research. Most of the literature inside the field of SCP and spatial conservation prioritisation within the broad sense is fairly current overBiological Reviews 88 (2013) 44364 2012 The Authors. Biological Reviews 2012 Cambridge Philosophical SocietyConcepts of systematic conservation planningPeoples Republic of China two.3 France three.2 Italy three.3 Brazil three.four Germany three.9 Spain four.1 USA 41 Netherlands two Denmark 1.9 India 1.9447 and objective occurred really regularly (in approximately 400 of all publications), implying that the targetoriented model of specifying objectives and trying to satisfy them A-196 web efficiently has been widely adopted (Nicholson Possingham, 2006; Carwardine et al., 2009; Moilanen Arponen, 2011). The statistics supplied in Table 1 is usually utilized to provide an overview from the use of terminology in SCP, for identifying analysis trends, and for identifying informative crucial words for literature searches. Knowing the frequency of the use of a term may well PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21338381 assist in the preparing of literature searches; a very regularly occurring term is on its own too unspecific though a very infrequently occurring phrase may possibly fail sufficiently to determine relevant literature. We also located that achievement in searches for terms was very variable from report titles and abstracts or from inside the short article text: some terms take place predominantly in the physique text of an post and may hence only be located applying a full-text PDF search (Table 1). (two) Adequacy Adequacy already was observed as a vital concept in reserve design and nature conservation by the 1990s. It may be defined as `the maintenance on the ecological viability and integrity of populations, species and communities’ (Commonwealth of Australia, 1992, glossary, iii) or `as the extent to which reserves fulfil their simple purpose of conserving biodiversity.’ (Lunney et al., 1997, p. 138). Persistence is frequently talked about as underlying adequacy (Cowling Pressey, 2001; Pressey Logan, 1998; Williams Araujo, 2000; Desmet Cowling, 2004; Wilson et al., 2009; Linke et al., 2011). The idea of adequacy and species persistence goes back to studies of the species-area partnership, colonisation and extinction theories, and island biogeography theory in the 1960970s. A cornerstone of this study is MacArthur Wilson’s (1963) study on immigration and extinction curves. Island biogeography theory influenced conservation by means of discussions about how the size and other options of conservation locations (or `islands’) influence the persistence of species (Diamond, 1975; Simberloff Abele, 1976; Margules, Higgs Rafe, 1982). Through the 1970980s the significance of area size and shape, extinction and colonisation rates, and species-area relationships had been a lot discussed in the point of view of how they should influence the design of adequate single reserve.
