Phylogenetic classification of strains according to patterns or spoligotypes enables the strains to be related to specific phenotypes of individual clinical isolates. This method has increased the understanding of the population genetics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, its evolutionary history and ZM241385 web transmission in different regions. Identical genotypes are considered to be isolates that cause active transmission, whose quantification enables the measurement of the effect of strategies for tuberculosis control programs with the aim of reducing and controlling disease transmission.PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0124308 June 11,7 /Mycobacterium tuberculosis Genotypes in ColombiaTable 3. Bivariate analysis of the variables associated with grouping isolates. Variables Yes n Sex Male Female Age 0?5 years 16?0 years 31?5 years 46?0 years 61?5 years >76 years Status of treatment PT NT ACY 241 web Susceptibility to first-line drugs R S ND MDR Yes No Period of the study 1999?005 2006?012 Family LAM Beijing U S H X T Orphan MANU M. bovis CAS1_Delhi * Test of significance: Fisher’s Exact doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0124308.t003 280 23 45 7 125 8 54 45 4 0 0 93.3 95.8 95.7 87.5 87.4 61.5 72.9 35.7 100 0 0 20 1 2 1 18 5 20 81 0 1 1 6.7 4.8 4.3 12.5 12.6 38.5 27.1 64.3 0 100 100 ref 0.527 0.51 0.435 0.031 0.001 <0.001 <0.001 NA NA NA 323 268 78.8 77.7 87 63 21.2 19 0.26 125 466 85 78.4 22 128 14.9 21.5 0.045 369 192 30 80.4 77.7 85.7 90 55 5 19.6 22.3 14.3 0.229 132 459 81.9 79.1 29 121 18.1 20.8 0.24 10 215 167 118 28 18 90.9 83 76.6 80.3 65.1 72 1 44 51 29 15 7 9.1 71 23.4 19.7 34.9 28 0.21 0.137 0.385 0.243 0.379 ref 357 234 79.3 80.4 93 57 20.6 19.6 0.397 n Grouping No p*In this framework, the present study demonstrated that in Colombia between 1999 and 2012 approximately 80 of the isolates belonged to groups suggesting that the program strategies to control TB probably was slightly affected; this situation should be corroborated using the combination of highly discriminating methods, this high grouping is a much higher proportion than that reported in other countries where there are effective control programs. A national study in the United States reported that 34.4 of isolates were grouped during thePLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0124308 June 11,8 /Mycobacterium tuberculosis Genotypes in ColombiaTable 4. Bivariate analysis of the variables associated with drug resistance. Variables Yes n Sex Male Female Age 0?5 years 16?0 years 31?5 years 46?0 years 61?5 years >76 years Status of treatment PT NT Grouping Yes No Period of the study 1999?005 2006?012 Family LAM Beijing U S H X T Orphan MANU M. bovis CAS1_Delhi * Test of significance: Fisher’s Exact doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0124308.t004 197 9 5 91 30 76 27 24 0 0 0 67.2 69.2 62.5 73.9 78.9 53.5 42.9 100 100 0 0 96 4 3 32 8 66 36 0 1 1 1 32.8 30.8 37.5 26.1 21.1 46.5 57.1 0 0 100 100 NA NA NA ref 0.527 0.522 0.105 0.098 0.003 <0.001 326 133 79.9 44.6 82 165 20.1 55.4 <0.001 369 90 65.8 62.1 192 55 34.2 37.9 0.229 146 313 90.7 57.4 15 232 9.3 42.6 <0.001 8 156 141 95 32 14 72.7 61.7 66.2 66 74.4 56 3 97 72 49 11 11 27.3 38.3 33.8 34 25.6 44 0.285 0.363 0.212 0.229 0.098 ref 276 182 65.7 63.9 144 103 34.3 36.1 0.334 n Drug resistance No p*period of 2008 to 2010 [20]. Similar proportions of grouped isolates were reported in this study and in countries with a high burden of disease, including some of the African countries belonging to the group of 22 countries selected by the WHO to emphasize contro.Phylogenetic classification of strains according to patterns or spoligotypes enables the strains to be related to specific phenotypes of individual clinical isolates. This method has increased the understanding of the population genetics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, its evolutionary history and transmission in different regions. Identical genotypes are considered to be isolates that cause active transmission, whose quantification enables the measurement of the effect of strategies for tuberculosis control programs with the aim of reducing and controlling disease transmission.PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0124308 June 11,7 /Mycobacterium tuberculosis Genotypes in ColombiaTable 3. Bivariate analysis of the variables associated with grouping isolates. Variables Yes n Sex Male Female Age 0?5 years 16?0 years 31?5 years 46?0 years 61?5 years >76 years Status of treatment PT NT Susceptibility to first-line drugs R S ND MDR Yes No Period of the study 1999?005 2006?012 Family LAM Beijing U S H X T Orphan MANU M. bovis CAS1_Delhi * Test of significance: Fisher’s Exact doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0124308.t003 280 23 45 7 125 8 54 45 4 0 0 93.3 95.8 95.7 87.5 87.4 61.5 72.9 35.7 100 0 0 20 1 2 1 18 5 20 81 0 1 1 6.7 4.8 4.3 12.5 12.6 38.5 27.1 64.3 0 100 100 ref 0.527 0.51 0.435 0.031 0.001 <0.001 <0.001 NA NA NA 323 268 78.8 77.7 87 63 21.2 19 0.26 125 466 85 78.4 22 128 14.9 21.5 0.045 369 192 30 80.4 77.7 85.7 90 55 5 19.6 22.3 14.3 0.229 132 459 81.9 79.1 29 121 18.1 20.8 0.24 10 215 167 118 28 18 90.9 83 76.6 80.3 65.1 72 1 44 51 29 15 7 9.1 71 23.4 19.7 34.9 28 0.21 0.137 0.385 0.243 0.379 ref 357 234 79.3 80.4 93 57 20.6 19.6 0.397 n Grouping No p*In this framework, the present study demonstrated that in Colombia between 1999 and 2012 approximately 80 of the isolates belonged to groups suggesting that the program strategies to control TB probably was slightly affected; this situation should be corroborated using the combination of highly discriminating methods, this high grouping is a much higher proportion than that reported in other countries where there are effective control programs. A national study in the United States reported that 34.4 of isolates were grouped during thePLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0124308 June 11,8 /Mycobacterium tuberculosis Genotypes in ColombiaTable 4. Bivariate analysis of the variables associated with drug resistance. Variables Yes n Sex Male Female Age 0?5 years 16?0 years 31?5 years 46?0 years 61?5 years >76 years Status of treatment PT NT Grouping Yes No Period of the study 1999?005 2006?012 Family LAM Beijing U S H X T Orphan MANU M. bovis CAS1_Delhi * Test of significance: Fisher’s Exact doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0124308.t004 197 9 5 91 30 76 27 24 0 0 0 67.2 69.2 62.5 73.9 78.9 53.5 42.9 100 100 0 0 96 4 3 32 8 66 36 0 1 1 1 32.8 30.8 37.5 26.1 21.1 46.5 57.1 0 0 100 100 NA NA NA ref 0.527 0.522 0.105 0.098 0.003 <0.001 326 133 79.9 44.6 82 165 20.1 55.4 <0.001 369 90 65.8 62.1 192 55 34.2 37.9 0.229 146 313 90.7 57.4 15 232 9.3 42.6 <0.001 8 156 141 95 32 14 72.7 61.7 66.2 66 74.4 56 3 97 72 49 11 11 27.3 38.3 33.8 34 25.6 44 0.285 0.363 0.212 0.229 0.098 ref 276 182 65.7 63.9 144 103 34.3 36.1 0.334 n Drug resistance No p*period of 2008 to 2010 [20]. Similar proportions of grouped isolates were reported in this study and in countries with a high burden of disease, including some of the African countries belonging to the group of 22 countries selected by the WHO to emphasize contro.
