Completing surveys at both pre- and post-intervention were 19 for the intervention group and 20 for the wait-list control group. The average number of participants per group session was 17/19. For those that attended at least the first session in the intervention group, 53 (n = 10) completed all eight Vesnarinone site sessions of the intervention, 26 (n = 5) completed 7 sessions, 11 (n = 2) completed 6 sessions, and 5 (n = 1) completed 5 sessions. One participant attended only the first class and did not return. PTSD symptoms Linear mixed models revealed a significant Group X Time interaction effect on PCL-C, F(1,39.63) = 9.51, p = .004, d = .94, indicating that the TI-MBSR group reported significantly greater reductions in post-traumatic stress than the wait-list control group (Figure 2). Though inspection of PCL-C means (Table 4) revealed that participants in the TI-MBSR group exhibited significantly greater decreases in PTSD symptoms than the control group by the post-treatment assessment, in addition to examining PTSD decreases dimensionally we compared participants categorically based on the diagnostic cutoff on the same measure. There was a significant reduction in the proportion of participants in the TIMBSR group surpassing the cutoff for PTSD, binomial McNemar p = .008, whereas there was not a significant reduction among control group participants, binomial McNemar p = . 25 (80 and 40 reduction, respectively). Depressive symptoms There was a significant Group x Time interaction on depression, BDI-II, F(1,38.69) = 8.35, p = .006, d = .86, such that the TI-MBSR group reported significantly greater decreases in depression than the wait-list control group (Figure 2). According to validated clinical cutoffs on the BDI, the TI-MBSR group shifted from moderate to minimal levels of depression by the end of treatment.Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptJ Clin Psychol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2017 April 01.Kelly and GarlandPageAnxious and avoidant attachmentAuthor Manuscript Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptWith regard to anxious purchase MG-132 attachment scores on the RSQ, the Group x Time interaction was significant, F(1,35.18) = 4.94, p = .033, d = .85, such that the TI-MBSR group reported significantly greater decreases in anxious attachment than the wait-list control group (Figure 3). However, the Group X Time interaction was not found to be significant for avoidant attachment scores on the RSQ. Mindfulness practice and relation to therapeutic change The mean number of TI-MBSR sessions attended by participants who completed the intervention was 7.0 (SD = 1.7). Participants self-reported practicing mindfulness skills for an average of 190.5 minutes per week (SD = 99.7). This was measured through weekly homework tracking forms, as well as through inquiry at the time of post-intervention survey completion. Minutes of mindfulness practice per week significantly predicted residualized change in PCL-C scores, = -.33, p = .004, such that individuals who engaged in more extensive mindfulness practice experienced greater decreases in PTSD symptoms than those who practiced for fewer minutes per week. Mindfulness practice was not significantly correlated with changes in depression or attachment style.DiscussionStudy findings indicate that female survivors of IPV who were randomly assigned to participate in an eight-week TI-MBSR program exhibited significantly decreased levels of post-traumatic stress.Completing surveys at both pre- and post-intervention were 19 for the intervention group and 20 for the wait-list control group. The average number of participants per group session was 17/19. For those that attended at least the first session in the intervention group, 53 (n = 10) completed all eight sessions of the intervention, 26 (n = 5) completed 7 sessions, 11 (n = 2) completed 6 sessions, and 5 (n = 1) completed 5 sessions. One participant attended only the first class and did not return. PTSD symptoms Linear mixed models revealed a significant Group X Time interaction effect on PCL-C, F(1,39.63) = 9.51, p = .004, d = .94, indicating that the TI-MBSR group reported significantly greater reductions in post-traumatic stress than the wait-list control group (Figure 2). Though inspection of PCL-C means (Table 4) revealed that participants in the TI-MBSR group exhibited significantly greater decreases in PTSD symptoms than the control group by the post-treatment assessment, in addition to examining PTSD decreases dimensionally we compared participants categorically based on the diagnostic cutoff on the same measure. There was a significant reduction in the proportion of participants in the TIMBSR group surpassing the cutoff for PTSD, binomial McNemar p = .008, whereas there was not a significant reduction among control group participants, binomial McNemar p = . 25 (80 and 40 reduction, respectively). Depressive symptoms There was a significant Group x Time interaction on depression, BDI-II, F(1,38.69) = 8.35, p = .006, d = .86, such that the TI-MBSR group reported significantly greater decreases in depression than the wait-list control group (Figure 2). According to validated clinical cutoffs on the BDI, the TI-MBSR group shifted from moderate to minimal levels of depression by the end of treatment.Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptJ Clin Psychol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2017 April 01.Kelly and GarlandPageAnxious and avoidant attachmentAuthor Manuscript Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptWith regard to anxious attachment scores on the RSQ, the Group x Time interaction was significant, F(1,35.18) = 4.94, p = .033, d = .85, such that the TI-MBSR group reported significantly greater decreases in anxious attachment than the wait-list control group (Figure 3). However, the Group X Time interaction was not found to be significant for avoidant attachment scores on the RSQ. Mindfulness practice and relation to therapeutic change The mean number of TI-MBSR sessions attended by participants who completed the intervention was 7.0 (SD = 1.7). Participants self-reported practicing mindfulness skills for an average of 190.5 minutes per week (SD = 99.7). This was measured through weekly homework tracking forms, as well as through inquiry at the time of post-intervention survey completion. Minutes of mindfulness practice per week significantly predicted residualized change in PCL-C scores, = -.33, p = .004, such that individuals who engaged in more extensive mindfulness practice experienced greater decreases in PTSD symptoms than those who practiced for fewer minutes per week. Mindfulness practice was not significantly correlated with changes in depression or attachment style.DiscussionStudy findings indicate that female survivors of IPV who were randomly assigned to participate in an eight-week TI-MBSR program exhibited significantly decreased levels of post-traumatic stress.
