Shows the scores from HL07. Panel up4 three per proper depicts the scores from CCT-251921 biological activity experiment MN05. The CP functions are plotted as solid lowpass or dashed highpass curves, with competing sound scores having a single letter identifier next to every curve. The in panel indicates 3 SNR90 = -2 dB where the listeners just begin to confuse the sound in MN05, when the in panel indicates the inter4 section point 1.3 kHz of the highpass and lowpass scores.When the burst is totally removed at 28 cs, the score for the time-truncated /t/ drops significantly from 1 to opportunity, and listeners begin reporting /pa/, suggesting that the high-frequency burst is essential for /ta/ perception. This really is in agreement together with the highpass and lowpass information of panel . When the high-frequency burst has 4 been removed by the lowpass filtering strong curve , the /ta/ score ctLt drops drastically and 
also the confusion PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19919287 with /pa/ increases substantially. The intersection with the highpass as well as the lowpass perceptual scores indicated by the is 5 kHz, consistent using a high-frequency burst dominant cue. These outcomes are then confirmed by the noise-masking experiment. In the AI-grams in panel , we see that the high5 frequency burst becomes inaudible when the SNR is lower than 0 dB, as a consequence, the recognition score drops sharply at 1 dB SNR labeled by a in panel , proving 3 that the perception of /ta/ is dominated by the high-frequency burst. Of the six /ta/ sounds, five morph to /pa/ once the /ta/ burst was truncated, whilst a single morphs to /ka/ m112ta . For this certain sound, it really is seen that the /ta/ burst precedes the vowel only by about two cs as opposed to 5 cs as may be the case for any typical /ta/. This timing cue is in particular essential for the perception of /pa/, as we will talk about later in Sec. IV C. /da/: Consonant /da/ Fig. three b is definitely the voiced counterpart of /ta/. It’s characterized by a high-frequency burst above 4 1 kHz along with a F2 transition close to 1.5 kHz, as shown in panel . Truncation in the high-frequency burst panel results in an 2 T immediate drop inside the score of cd d from one hundred at 27 cs to about 70 at 27.five cs. The recognition score keeps decreasing till the F2 transition is removed fully at 30 cs. In the highpass and lowpass information panel , it really is appear that 4 subjects want to hear both the F2 transition along with the highfrequency burst to acquire a complete score of one hundred , Lack of the burst CX-691 typically leads to the /da / / ga/ confusion, as shown by the L lowpass confusion of cg d = 30 at f c = two kHz strong curve labeled “g” in panel , which means that both the high4 frequency burst and F2 transition are critical for the idenLi et al.: Perceptual cues of quit consonantsFrequency [kHz]J. Acoust. Soc. Am., Vol. 127, No. four, Apriltification of a high good quality /da/. That is confirmed by the outcomes from the noise-masking experiment. In the AI-grams panel , the F2 transition becomes masked by noise at 0 dB 5 M 3 SNR; accordingly the /da/ score cd d in panel drops promptly at the very same SNR. When the remnant in the highfrequency burst is lastly gone at 6 dB SNR, the /da/ score M M M cd d decreases even more quickly, till cd d = cm d at ten dB SNR; namely, the /d/ and /m/ scores are equal. Many of the /da/’s are considerably more robust to noise than other people. By way of example, the SNR90, defined as the SNR where the listeners begin to lose the sound Computer = 0.90 , is six dB for /da/-m104, and +12 dB for /da/-m111. The variability over the six utterances is impressive, yet the story seems entirely constant with the re.Shows the scores from HL07. Panel up4 three per right depicts the scores from experiment MN05. The CP functions are plotted as strong lowpass or dashed highpass curves, with competing sound scores having a single letter identifier next to every curve. The in panel indicates three SNR90 = -2 dB where the listeners just start to 
confuse the sound in MN05, while the in panel indicates the inter4 section point 1.3 kHz of your highpass and lowpass scores.When the burst is totally removed at 28 cs, the score for the time-truncated /t/ drops considerably from 1 to chance, and listeners get started reporting /pa/, suggesting that the high-frequency burst is crucial for /ta/ perception. That is in agreement using the highpass and lowpass data of panel . As soon as the high-frequency burst has 4 been removed by the lowpass filtering solid curve , the /ta/ score ctLt drops drastically plus the confusion PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19919287 with /pa/ increases significantly. The intersection from the highpass and also the lowpass perceptual scores indicated by the is five kHz, constant using a high-frequency burst dominant cue. These outcomes are then confirmed by the noise-masking experiment. From the AI-grams in panel , we see that the high5 frequency burst becomes inaudible when the SNR is lower than 0 dB, as a consequence, the recognition score drops sharply at 1 dB SNR labeled by a in panel , proving 3 that the perception of /ta/ is dominated by the high-frequency burst. On the six /ta/ sounds, 5 morph to /pa/ when the /ta/ burst was truncated, whilst one morphs to /ka/ m112ta . For this particular sound, it is seen that the /ta/ burst precedes the vowel only by about two cs as opposed to 5 cs as may be the case for any standard /ta/. This timing cue is particularly important for the perception of /pa/, as we will go over later in Sec. IV C. /da/: Consonant /da/ Fig. 3 b is the voiced counterpart of /ta/. It truly is characterized by a high-frequency burst above four 1 kHz along with a F2 transition close to 1.5 kHz, as shown in panel . Truncation from the high-frequency burst panel leads to an 2 T instant drop in the score of cd d from 100 at 27 cs to about 70 at 27.five cs. The recognition score keeps decreasing till the F2 transition is removed entirely at 30 cs. In the highpass and lowpass information panel , it really is look that 4 subjects will need to hear both the F2 transition and also the highfrequency burst to get a full score of one hundred , Lack in the burst generally results in the /da / / ga/ confusion, as shown by the L lowpass confusion of cg d = 30 at f c = 2 kHz strong curve labeled “g” in panel , which means that each the high4 frequency burst and F2 transition are vital for the idenLi et al.: Perceptual cues of stop consonantsFrequency [kHz]J. Acoust. Soc. Am., Vol. 127, No. 4, Apriltification of a higher excellent /da/. That is confirmed by the results of your noise-masking experiment. In the AI-grams panel , the F2 transition becomes masked by noise at 0 dB five M 3 SNR; accordingly the /da/ score cd d in panel drops speedily in the same SNR. When the remnant of your highfrequency burst is lastly gone at 6 dB SNR, the /da/ score M M M cd d decreases even quicker, until cd d = cm d at 10 dB SNR; namely, the /d/ and /m/ scores are equal. Some of the /da/’s are much more robust to noise than others. By way of example, the SNR90, defined as the SNR where the listeners begin to shed the sound Pc = 0.90 , is 6 dB for /da/-m104, and +12 dB for /da/-m111. The variability more than the six utterances is impressive, yet the story appears completely constant using the re.
