Nsidered statistically significant. All data were analysed using SPSS version 20 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL). Studying 98 patients in each group provided 95 power to detect a difference in PWV of 0.4 m/s between groups based on our previously published work on arterial stiffness in CKD [17], where mean PWV was 8.361.7 m/s using a two-tailed t-test at the 5 significance level.Pulse wave analysis and pulse wave velocityCentral pressure waveforms were derived and analysed using the technique of pulse wave analysis (SphygmoCor, Atcor Medical, Sydney, Australia) as previously described [17]. Chebulagic acid site Aortic PWV was Thiazole Orange price measured using the SphygmoCor system by sequentially recording ECG-gated carotid and femoral artery waveforms. The path length was calculated by subtracting the distance between the sternal notch and carotid recording site from the distance between sternal notch and femoral site.Aortic distensibilityAortic distensibility was measured using cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) at 1.5 Tesla (Symphony, Siemens, Erlangen, Germany). Steady-state free precession, R-wave gated, sagittal-oblique cine sequences were undertaken with the following parameters: temporal resolution 50?0 ms, echo time 2.2 ms, flip angle 60u, field of view 300 mm and slice thickness of 5 mm. Analysis was performed offline (Argus Software, Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) by two observers blinded to CMV status. Area measurements were performed in triplicate at the ascending and proximal descending thoracic aorta at the level of the pulmonary artery and at the distal descending thoracic aorta at the diaphragm. Aortic distensibility (61023 mmHg21) was calculated using the standard formula [18]: Aortic Distensibility D Aortic Area Minimum Aortic Area|Pulse PressureResults Patient characteristicsA total of 215 patients were recruited; mean age was 55613 years with 59 male and 88 Caucasian, with 12 being South Asian. Excluding non Caucasian patients made no appreciable difference to any of the subsequent analyses and therefore results for the whole cohort are presented. Table 1 depicts demographic and laboratory data of all subjects and according to CMV seropositivity. Thirty-two (15 ) subjects were current smokers with 64 (30 ) being ex-smokers. Seropositivity for CMV IgG antibody was present in 119 patients (55 ) (Table 1). No significant differences were observedwhere D Aortic Area = (Maximum Aortic Area2Minimum Aortic Area) and Pulse Pressure is the average of three brachial pulseCMV Seropositivity and Arterial StiffnessTable 1. Patient demographics, hematological and biochemical variables according to CMV seropositivity.CMV positive n = 119 Male gender ( ) Age (years) eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) hsCRP (mg/mL)* Peripheral SBP (mmHg) Peripheral DBP (mmHg) Central SBP (mmHg) Central DBP (mmHg) 24 hour SBP (mmHg) 24 hour DBP (mmHg) Heart rate (bpm) AIx ( ) AIx75 ( ) Pulse wave velocity (m/s) Ascending AoD (61023 mmHg21) Proximal descending AoD (61023 mmHg21) Distal descending AoD (61023 mmHg21) 68 (58) 57613 50616 2.1 (1.0?.6) 131618 75611 122618 75611 123612 7269 65612 30611 25610 9.763.1 2.2361.87 2.8461.42 3.7161.CMV negative n = 96 56 (58) 51612 51616 1.9 (0.5?.5) 127616 73611 116617 74611 123612 7368 64611 25611 20612 8.262.0 3.1161.75 3.8361.64 4.9862.P 1.0 ,0.001 0.8 0.6 0.1 0.5 0.02 0.5 1.0 0.3 0.4 0.003 0.001 ,0.001 0.003 ,0.001 ,0.*Log transformed prior to analysis. Data are frequency (percentage), mean6standard deviation or median (interquartile range). Data analy.Nsidered statistically significant. All data were analysed using SPSS version 20 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL). Studying 98 patients in each group provided 95 power to detect a difference in PWV of 0.4 m/s between groups based on our previously published work on arterial stiffness in CKD [17], where mean PWV was 8.361.7 m/s using a two-tailed t-test at the 5 significance level.Pulse wave analysis and pulse wave velocityCentral pressure waveforms were derived and analysed using the technique of pulse wave analysis (SphygmoCor, Atcor Medical, Sydney, Australia) as previously described [17]. Aortic PWV was measured using the SphygmoCor system by sequentially recording ECG-gated carotid and femoral artery waveforms. The path length was calculated by subtracting the distance between the sternal notch and carotid recording site from the distance between sternal notch and femoral site.Aortic distensibilityAortic distensibility was measured using cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) at 1.5 Tesla (Symphony, Siemens, Erlangen, Germany). Steady-state free precession, R-wave gated, sagittal-oblique cine sequences were undertaken with the following parameters: temporal resolution 50?0 ms, echo time 2.2 ms, flip angle 60u, field of view 300 mm and slice thickness of 5 mm. Analysis was performed offline (Argus Software, Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) by two observers blinded to CMV status. Area measurements were performed in triplicate at the ascending and proximal descending thoracic aorta at the level of the pulmonary artery and at the distal descending thoracic aorta at the diaphragm. Aortic distensibility (61023 mmHg21) was calculated using the standard formula [18]: Aortic Distensibility D Aortic Area Minimum Aortic Area|Pulse PressureResults Patient characteristicsA total of 215 patients were recruited; mean age was 55613 years with 59 male and 88 Caucasian, with 12 being South Asian. Excluding non Caucasian patients made no appreciable difference to any of the subsequent analyses and therefore results for the whole cohort are presented. Table 1 depicts demographic and laboratory data of all subjects and according to CMV seropositivity. Thirty-two (15 ) subjects were current smokers with 64 (30 ) being ex-smokers. Seropositivity for CMV IgG antibody was present in 119 patients (55 ) (Table 1). No significant differences were observedwhere D Aortic Area = (Maximum Aortic Area2Minimum Aortic Area) and Pulse Pressure is the average of three brachial pulseCMV Seropositivity and Arterial StiffnessTable 1. Patient demographics, hematological and biochemical variables according to CMV seropositivity.CMV positive n = 119 Male gender ( ) Age (years) eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) hsCRP (mg/mL)* Peripheral SBP (mmHg) Peripheral DBP (mmHg) Central SBP (mmHg) Central DBP (mmHg) 24 hour SBP (mmHg) 24 hour DBP (mmHg) Heart rate (bpm) AIx ( ) AIx75 ( ) Pulse wave velocity (m/s) Ascending AoD (61023 mmHg21) Proximal descending AoD (61023 mmHg21) Distal descending AoD (61023 mmHg21) 68 (58) 57613 50616 2.1 (1.0?.6) 131618 75611 122618 75611 123612 7269 65612 30611 25610 9.763.1 2.2361.87 2.8461.42 3.7161.CMV negative n = 96 56 (58) 51612 51616 1.9 (0.5?.5) 127616 73611 116617 74611 123612 7368 64611 25611 20612 8.262.0 3.1161.75 3.8361.64 4.9862.P 1.0 ,0.001 0.8 0.6 0.1 0.5 0.02 0.5 1.0 0.3 0.4 0.003 0.001 ,0.001 0.003 ,0.001 ,0.*Log transformed prior to analysis. Data are frequency (percentage), mean6standard deviation or median (interquartile range). Data analy.
