Tten informed consent. The samples were collected in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the guidelines issued by the Ethic Committee of the Institute of Urology of the Academy of Medical Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine.Total RNA and Genomic DNA IsolationForty four tumor samples of clear cell RCCs with 32 nonmalignant adjacent normal tissues were obtained from the Institute of Urology of the Academy of Medical Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine (Table 1). The classification of the tumors based on the staging system of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (TNM) was used [38]. Genomic DNA was purified according to the protocol from Sambrook et al [39]. Total RNA was isolated with the RNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA) following the manufacturer’s recommendations. The quality of the isolated RNA was assessed by electrophoresis.according to manufacturer’s protocol. Modified DNA (50 ng) was used for each PCR with primers described previously [25]: WNT7A M-F 59-GTAGTTCGGCGTCGTTTTAC-39, WNT7A M-R 59-CGAAACCGTCTATCGATACG-39, WNT7A, U-F 59TAGTTTGGTGTTGTTTTATGTTG-39, 15481974 WNT7A U-R 59CCCCAAAACCATCTATCAATAC-39. PCRs were performed in the following conditions: 95uC – 4 min, then 35 cycles at 95uC 15 sec, 59?2uC – 20 sec and 72uC – 30 sec, and the final ML-240 extension at 72uC for 7 min. The PCR products were analyzed by electrophoresis in 10 polyacrylamide gels with subsequent ethidium bromide staining. M.SssI (NEB, Ipswich, MA, USA) methyltransferase-treated and untreated normal DNA was used as positive control in amplification with primers against methylated and unmethylated sequences, correspondingly. To verify the accuracy of the MSP, the PCR products were recovered from agarose gels, cloned in the pJET1.2-vector (Thermo Scientific, Fermentas) and sequenced. Four to five clones were sequenced for each sample.Bisulfite SequencingPrimers for bisulfite sequencing of the CpG-island of the WNT7A gene were designed around the MSP primers in the region +8 bp to +356 bp from the transcription start site (NC_000003.11, from 13921263 bp to 13921611 bp): WNT7ABS For 59-GGGGGTTGGAGGTAGTAG-39 and WNT7A-BS Rev 59-TTGTTTGGGTTATTTTTTTTTTAGTTTGGGT-39. The PCR was carried out using 100 ng of bisulfite-treated DNA and the 1xSYBR Green Mix (Thermo Scientific, Fermentas) in the following conditions: 95uC – 10 min, then 40 cycles at 95uC 15 sec, 58uC – 20 sec and 72uC – 60 sec, and the final extension at 72uC for 7 min. The PCR products 
were recovered from agarose gels, cloned in the pGEM-T easy vector (Promega, Madison, WI, USA) and sequenced. Around 8 clones were sequenced for each sample.Cell Lines CulturingHuman RCC cell lines A498 and KRC/Y were obtained from Bank of cell lines of R. E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, National Academy of Science, (Kyiv, Ukraine) and Karolinska Institute (Stockholm, Sweden), respectively. A498 and KRC/Y cell lines were described earlier in our works [40,41]. Cell lines A498 and KRC/Y were cultured in RPMI (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and IMDM media (Life Technology, Carlsbad, CA, USA), respectively. Media were supplemented with 10 fetal bovine serum and penicillin/streptomycin. Transfection of cell lines was performed using Lipofectamine 2000 (Life Technology), according to the manufacturer’s recommendations.Quantitative Reverse Hypericin Transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR)qRT-PCR was used to assess the change of WNT7A gene expression in tissue samples and RCC cell lines. Briefly, 2 mg of total RN.Tten informed consent. The samples were collected in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the guidelines issued by the Ethic Committee of the Institute of Urology of the Academy of Medical Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine.Total RNA and Genomic DNA IsolationForty four tumor samples of clear cell RCCs with 32 nonmalignant adjacent normal tissues were obtained from the Institute of Urology of the Academy of Medical Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine (Table 1). The classification of the tumors based on the staging system of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (TNM) was used [38]. Genomic DNA was purified according to the protocol from Sambrook et al [39]. Total RNA was isolated with the RNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA) following the manufacturer’s recommendations. The quality of the isolated RNA was assessed by electrophoresis.according to manufacturer’s protocol. Modified DNA (50 ng) was used for each PCR with primers described previously [25]: WNT7A M-F 59-GTAGTTCGGCGTCGTTTTAC-39, WNT7A M-R 59-CGAAACCGTCTATCGATACG-39, WNT7A, U-F 59TAGTTTGGTGTTGTTTTATGTTG-39, 15481974 WNT7A U-R 59CCCCAAAACCATCTATCAATAC-39. PCRs were performed in the following conditions: 95uC – 4 min, then 35 cycles at 95uC 15 sec, 59?2uC – 20 sec and 72uC – 30 sec, and the final extension at 72uC for 7 min. The PCR products were analyzed by electrophoresis in 10 polyacrylamide gels with subsequent ethidium bromide staining. M.SssI (NEB, Ipswich, MA, USA) methyltransferase-treated and untreated normal DNA was used as positive control in amplification with primers against methylated and unmethylated sequences, correspondingly. To verify the accuracy of the MSP, the PCR products were recovered from 
agarose gels, cloned in the pJET1.2-vector (Thermo Scientific, Fermentas) and sequenced. Four to five clones were sequenced for each sample.Bisulfite SequencingPrimers for bisulfite sequencing of the CpG-island of the WNT7A gene were designed around the MSP primers in the region +8 bp to +356 bp from the transcription start site (NC_000003.11, from 13921263 bp to 13921611 bp): WNT7ABS For 59-GGGGGTTGGAGGTAGTAG-39 and WNT7A-BS Rev 59-TTGTTTGGGTTATTTTTTTTTTAGTTTGGGT-39. The PCR was carried out using 100 ng of bisulfite-treated DNA and the 1xSYBR Green Mix (Thermo Scientific, Fermentas) in the following conditions: 95uC – 10 min, then 40 cycles at 95uC 15 sec, 58uC – 20 sec and 72uC – 60 sec, and the final extension at 72uC for 7 min. The PCR products were recovered from agarose gels, cloned in the pGEM-T easy vector (Promega, Madison, WI, USA) and sequenced. Around 8 clones were sequenced for each sample.Cell Lines CulturingHuman RCC cell lines A498 and KRC/Y were obtained from Bank of cell lines of R. E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, National Academy of Science, (Kyiv, Ukraine) and Karolinska Institute (Stockholm, Sweden), respectively. A498 and KRC/Y cell lines were described earlier in our works [40,41]. Cell lines A498 and KRC/Y were cultured in RPMI (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and IMDM media (Life Technology, Carlsbad, CA, USA), respectively. Media were supplemented with 10 fetal bovine serum and penicillin/streptomycin. Transfection of cell lines was performed using Lipofectamine 2000 (Life Technology), according to the manufacturer’s recommendations.Quantitative Reverse Transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR)qRT-PCR was used to assess the change of WNT7A gene expression in tissue samples and RCC cell lines. Briefly, 2 mg of total RN.
